K‹S>o d gwam{h`m±: amoµO_am© Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$ gm_mÝ` ~V©Zm| Ho$ ê$n _o§, h_mar H$hmZr h_mao gm¢X`© Am¡a h_mao ê$n H$s J[a_m H$s AZyR>r J[a_m H$mo Xem©Vr h¡&
^maVr` gm{hË` d H$cm Ho$ g§X^© _o§, h_ H$moI, CXmaVm, n¥Ïdr, _{hcm Am¡a àMwaVm H$m àVrH$ h¢ - h_ OrdZ, ^mdZmAm| d _¥VH$, Oc, gmo_ d A_¥V H$mo Xem©Vo h¢& g§ñH¥$V ^mfm Ho$ g~go àmMrZ eãXH$mofm| _o§ go EH$, A_a H$mof (11.2.1), _o§ H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ n¥Ïdr (^y) H$m EH$ n`m©`dmMr Hw$på^Zr (K‹S>o H$m _{hcm àmê$n) h¡&
^m¡{VH$ ê$n _|, h_ AmH$ma H$s ñdm^m{dH$Vm d H$m`© H$s {d{eîQ>Vm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo h¢& A{YH$m§e K‹S>oZw_m ~V©Zm| H$m {S>µOmBZ àØ{V O¡go cm¡H$s, H$Ôÿ Am¡a H$_c go {c`m J`m h¡& {N>Ð`wŠV Ia~yOm| Ho$ {deof ê$n go ^maV _| AZoH$ JmocmB© dmco ~V©Zm| H$mo ~ZmZo H$s àoaUm Xr h¡&
BZ_| g~go {d{dYVmnyU© ~V©Z cmoQ>m h¡ Omo {S>µOmBZ joÌm| _| AnZo àmê$n d H$m`© H$s j_Vm H$s Cn`wŠVVm Ho$ H$maU _mÝ` h¡& ^maV _o§ {H«$`mË_H$ Cn`wŠVVm d J[a_mnyU© àmê$n Ho$ BgHo$ hµOmam| CXmhaU {_cVo h¢&
^maVr` K‹S>m| (cw{Q>`mAm|) H$s Cn`mo{JVm H$mo CZ {d{^ÝZ gm_{J«`m| Ho$ g§X^© _| ^r Am§H$m Om gH$Vm h¡ {OZH$s ewê$AmV AnZr nyd©H$m{cH$ àmê$nm| _o§ ~Xcmd go V~ VH$ hmoVr ahr O~ VH$ ZB© gm_J«r _| nma§JVm hm{gc Zht hþB© Am¡a CZ_| ZdmMma Zht hþAm&
Amn h_mar {deofVmAm| H$mo àmê$n AZwnmV, cmBZ d {H«$`mË_H$Vm Ho$ _yc {S>µOmBZ VËdm| H$s gdm©{YH$ à`mga{hV A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ ê$n _o§ XoI gH$Vo h¢& gVh na {H$gr ^r Vah H$s ZmH$m_r Ho$ {~Zm ñnîQ> àmê$n dmcm `h K‹S>oZw_m ~V©Z nyar Vah gOmdQ>r {XImB© XoVm h¡& amoµO_am© H$s dñVwAm| H$mo g§X{^©V H$aZo dmcm `h ~V©Z Am^mgr _y{V©H$cm H$m CXmhaU h¡&
gwam{h`m: K‹S>m| H$s Vah, h_| ^r {d{eîQ> H$m`m] H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {cE ~Zm`m J`m h¡& {deofê$n go Ðd nXmWm] Ho$ àdmh H$mo {Z`§{ÌV H$aZo Ho$ {cE h_mam à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {cE, nmZr Ho$ {cE ~ZmB© OmZo dmco _| ZcrXma ~V©Z g§H$ao hmoVo Wo O~{H$ Kr S>mcZo dmco ~V©Z Hw$N> Mm¡‹S>o hmoVo Wo& BgHo$ ewê$AmVr CXmhaU h‹S>ßnm Ho$ g_` Ho$ h¢ {OZ_o§ Q>oamH$moQ>m go {Z{_©V Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~V©Z nmE JE h¢& _wJc H$mc H$s ewê$AmV Ho$ gmW, gwamhr H$m AmH$f©H$ àmê$n gm_Zo Am`m {Ogo `h Zm_ gwam (_Xhmoe H$aZo dmcm no`) S>mcZo Ho$ {cE {X`m J`m Wm Am¡a Bgo Cn`mo{JVm d gm¢X`© H$m Xmoham gå_mZ {_cm&
^maVr` gm{hË` d H$cm Ho$ g§X^© _o§, h_ H$moI, CXmaVm, n¥Ïdr, _{hcm Am¡a àMwaVm H$m àVrH$ h¢ - h_ OrdZ, ^mdZmAm| d _¥VH$, Oc, gmo_ d A_¥V H$mo Xem©Vo h¢& g§ñH¥$V ^mfm Ho$ g~go àmMrZ eãXH$mofm| _o§ go EH$, A_a H$mof (11.2.1), _o§ H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ n¥Ïdr (^y) H$m EH$ n`m©`dmMr Hw$på^Zr (K‹S>o H$m _{hcm àmê$n) h¡&
^m¡{VH$ ê$n _|, h_ AmH$ma H$s ñdm^m{dH$Vm d H$m`© H$s {d{eîQ>Vm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo h¢& A{YH$m§e K‹S>oZw_m ~V©Zm| H$m {S>µOmBZ àØ{V O¡go cm¡H$s, H$Ôÿ Am¡a H$_c go {c`m J`m h¡& {N>Ð`wŠV Ia~yOm| Ho$ {deof ê$n go ^maV _| AZoH$ JmocmB© dmco ~V©Zm| H$mo ~ZmZo H$s àoaUm Xr h¡&
BZ_| g~go {d{dYVmnyU© ~V©Z cmoQ>m h¡ Omo {S>µOmBZ joÌm| _| AnZo àmê$n d H$m`© H$s j_Vm H$s Cn`wŠVVm Ho$ H$maU _mÝ` h¡& ^maV _o§ {H«$`mË_H$ Cn`wŠVVm d J[a_mnyU© àmê$n Ho$ BgHo$ hµOmam| CXmhaU {_cVo h¢&
^maVr` K‹S>m| (cw{Q>`mAm|) H$s Cn`mo{JVm H$mo CZ {d{^ÝZ gm_{J«`m| Ho$ g§X^© _| ^r Am§H$m Om gH$Vm h¡ {OZH$s ewê$AmV AnZr nyd©H$m{cH$ àmê$nm| _o§ ~Xcmd go V~ VH$ hmoVr ahr O~ VH$ ZB© gm_J«r _| nma§JVm hm{gc Zht hþB© Am¡a CZ_| ZdmMma Zht hþAm&
Amn h_mar {deofVmAm| H$mo àmê$n AZwnmV, cmBZ d {H«$`mË_H$Vm Ho$ _yc {S>µOmBZ VËdm| H$s gdm©{YH$ à`mga{hV A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ ê$n _o§ XoI gH$Vo h¢& gVh na {H$gr ^r Vah H$s ZmH$m_r Ho$ {~Zm ñnîQ> àmê$n dmcm `h K‹S>oZw_m ~V©Z nyar Vah gOmdQ>r {XImB© XoVm h¡& amoµO_am© H$s dñVwAm| H$mo g§X{^©V H$aZo dmcm `h ~V©Z Am^mgr _y{V©H$cm H$m CXmhaU h¡&
gwam{h`m: K‹S>m| H$s Vah, h_| ^r {d{eîQ> H$m`m] H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {cE ~Zm`m J`m h¡& {deofê$n go Ðd nXmWm] Ho$ àdmh H$mo {Z`§{ÌV H$aZo Ho$ {cE h_mam à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {cE, nmZr Ho$ {cE ~ZmB© OmZo dmco _| ZcrXma ~V©Z g§H$ao hmoVo Wo O~{H$ Kr S>mcZo dmco ~V©Z Hw$N> Mm¡‹S>o hmoVo Wo& BgHo$ ewê$AmVr CXmhaU h‹S>ßnm Ho$ g_` Ho$ h¢ {OZ_o§ Q>oamH$moQ>m go {Z{_©V Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~V©Z nmE JE h¢& _wJc H$mc H$s ewê$AmV Ho$ gmW, gwamhr H$m AmH$f©H$ àmê$n gm_Zo Am`m {Ogo `h Zm_ gwam (_Xhmoe H$aZo dmcm no`) S>mcZo Ho$ {cE {X`m J`m Wm Am¡a Bgo Cn`mo{JVm d gm¢X`© H$m Xmoham gå_mZ {_cm&