Besides rudimentary handheld fans, fly whisks have also enjoyed a longstanding history in the Indian context. These were also known as chowries, and records suggest that these forms existed from the Mauryan times, as early as 3rd century BC. Crafted from various material such as cotton threads, silver wire and animal hair, these were used to flank temple deities and nobility in courts. Even today, fly whisks are part of many sacred traditions and can be sighted in gurudwaras and Jain temples.

As evidenced in early art, fans made from peacock feathers (known as morchals) were another popular form. Similar to fan whisks, metal or wooden handles (sometimes ornately carved) held the feathered spray together and attendants stood fanning the maharaja as he conducted his routine affairs.

A Ruler Smoking a Hookah Riding on Horseback, Bundi, c. 1760 click to zoom in

A Young Prince of the House of Rathor, Jodhpur, c. 1730 click to zoom in